Introduction
The Financialisation Hypothesis (FH) is a popular argument in contemporary Heterodox Economics, Marxist Political Economy but also in Mainstream Economics. Its basic thesis is that modern capitalism has undergone a radical transformation during the last three decades. The financial system, through a series of innovative mechanisms, has conquered capitalism’s commanding heights, became independent from productive capital and has transformed the whole system according to its own prerogatives. This new financialized (or financial or finance-dominated or fiduciary) capitalism operates completely different from traditional capitalism.
The FH proposes four stylised facts as its factual basis:
+ The increased weight of the financial sector in contemporary advanced capitalist economies (share in GDP, profits, new complex financial instruments).
+ Corporate sector’s recent trend to finance itself through retained earnings, capital markets and ‘shadow banking’.
+ The adoption by firms of shareholders’ value maximization policies and the related prominence of institutional investors.
+ The increased indebtedness of working and middle-class households in several advanced capitalist economies.
The combined result of these processes is that (a) productive capital depends totally upon money capital and transforms its modus operandi according to the latter’s requirements and (b) working -class depends directly upon money capital, which exploits it through usury. Leer más…